effect of soil tillage and integrated chemical fertilizer and biofertilizer on quantity and quality yield of bread wheat and soil biological activity under dry land farming

the objective of this study was to determine the quicker response of subsoil or surface soil to minimum tillage (mt) and conventional tillage (ct) and biofertilizers (bacillus coagulans, b), phosphorus fertilization (p) and integrated p and b (pb) under the wheat (triticum aestivum l vr. sardari) growing season. the experimental design was split plot laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications that tillage practice systems were in the main plots. the field trial is located in the dryland semiarid. three tillage practices were: (i) conventional tillage (ct), with moldboard ploughing; (ii) reduced tillage (rtc), with ducksfoot cultivator with a springtine harrow, and (iii) with moldboard ploughing with the moldboard detached (rt). result showed that there was no significantly differ in yield and yield component in wheat under mt or ct. integrated p and b (pb) significantly (p<0.05) increased nutrient accumulation through increasing in n and p uptake of wheat plants. at 5–20 cm, miycorrhizal colonization value, alkaline phosphatase (alp) enzymes and dehydrogenase activity (dha) was greater than at 0–5 cm when wheat was under rtc or rt. at 5–20 cm b inoculant and pb increased alp and dha. result indicated that transition to conservation tillage is the delay in soil response but subsurface soil can respond quickly to a cessation in tillage under the semiarid area condition